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For future reference, if your drive is failing, a tool like ddrescue will allow you to create a byte-for-byte copy of the readable data on the drive to another drive. The copy can then be inspected further to attempt data recovery without any risk of complete data loss due to the failing drive becoming completely inoperable.
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ddrescue braucht natürlich sehr lange, aber danach hat mein ein Image, das man bearbeiten kann.